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In the high performance-focused April issue of (mt) magazine, Virginia Tech professor Wayne Neu shared the work that he and his students in the Aerospace and Ocean Engineering department have done in measuring the resistance of various vehicle types (“Gabrielli-Von Kármán: Updating the Plot,” page 17). We’re pleased to present here an expanded and updated version of the table from that article, listing the resistance characteristics of more than 150 vehicle types. If you are not a member and are interested in subscribing to this publication please click here. (mt) is a benefit of SNAME membership. For more information on membership click here.

Table

Installed power (kW)

Weight (kN)

Max. speed (m/s)

ε

Vehicle name

Vehicle type

 

 

 

 

 

 

4050

23913.6

4.5

0.03764

HMCS Victoria (SSK-876) (submerged)

Attack submarine (diesel)

317

2969.3

4.6

0.02306

F/V Time Bandit

Fishing vessel

70000

1687320.0

4.9

0.00850

Saipem 7000

Crane vessel

3733

21134.0

5.1

0.03434

HOS Dominator

Offshore supply vessel

2

1.6

5.6

0.16983

PT i2

Segway

27150

568815.8

6.2

0.00773

Chikyu

Scientific drilling ship

29

4.7

6.3

0.99884

Sun Tracker Bass Buggy

Pontoon bass boat

39600

980665.0

6.7

0.00604

Far Samson

Tug boat

85

722.4

6.9

0.01705

Nomad 1000 (submerged)

Luxury sub

2620

11672.2

7.2

0.03122

Avenger class MCM

Minesweeper

2720

14964.0

7.2

0.02525

Elbe

SWATH pilot station ship

23535

3417964.0

7.2

0.000956

La Paz

VLCC

12528

33230.0

7.6

0.04961

USNS Grasp (T-ARS-51)

Rescue/salvage ship

25849

3424815.4

7.7

0.000978

British Pride

P-class VLCC

3000

25389.0

7.7

0.01531

R/V Kilo Moana

SWATH research vessel

29411

3553761.0

7.7

0.00107

Younara Glory

VLCC

26597

3171930.0

8.0

0.00104

Frontline C-class

VLCC

4623

19936.0

8.0

0.02882

CCG Willow (WLB-202)

Buoy tender/multi- mission cutter

45264

49820.1

8.0

0.11291

USNS Henson (T-ASG-63)

Oceanographic survey ship

22680

3404307.0

8.1

0.000825

Smiti

VLCC

37300

6445352.0

8.2

0.00070

Seawise Giant

ULCC

27561

3499916.0

8.2

0.000957

Eagle Valencia

VLCC

13700

394814.0

8.2

0.00422

USNS Lawrence H. Gianella

Tanker

11036

84694.1

8.2

0.01583

ACV Ocean Protector

Customs vessel

1800

9465.8

8.2

0.02310

Sonnenkönigin

Passenger ship

23601

2107923.0

8.4

0.00134

Exxon Valdez

VLCC

37464

5078536.0

8.5

0.00087

TI Oceania

ULCC

33274

3522157.0

8.6

0.001094

Abqaiq

VLCC

22380

159488.0

8.7

0.01605

USCGC Healy (WACB-20)

Icebreaker

12000

209244.0

8.7

0.00656

City of St. Petersburg

Car transport cargo ship

6849

39856.1

8.9

0.01922

Kilo-class (submerged)

Diesel submarine

7000

168000

9.0

0.00463

E-Ship 1

Flettner rotor cargo ship

7920

134514

9.3

0.00636

HMS Scott (H131)

Ocean Survey Vessel

15620

181504.0

9.3

0.00929

HMS Albion (L14)

Landing platform dock

35644

213392.7

9.3

0.01804

HMS Ocean

Amphibious assault ship

27600

1156288.0

10.0

0.00238

Arctic Princess

LNG carrier

5968

17942.0

10.0

0.03316

USCGC Legare (WMEC-912)

Medium endurance cutter

4125

16451.4

10.3

0.02437

HMS Tyne

River class patrol vessel

35700

408525.0

10.3

0.00849

USNS Lewis and Clark (T-AKE class)

Dry cargo/ammunition ship

7800

29168.2

10.3

0.02599

Pelorus

Motor yacht

52199

448164.0

10.3

0.01131

USS America (LHA-6)

Amphibious assault ship

33556

104224.0

10.3

0.03126

USS Seawolf (SSN-21)(surface)

Seawolf class submarine

3281

19928.0

10.8

0.01524

GE Evolution Series Locomotive

Diesel-electric locomotive

397300

233706.0

11.2

0.15211

Yamal

Icebreaker

3357

2741.2

11.5

0.10626

M/Y Glaze

Yacht

253985

234154.4

11.6

0.09332

RFS Dmitri Donskoi (TK-208)(surface)

Ballistic missile submarine

47890

618457.0

12.4

0.00627

USNS Bob Hope Class

LMSR

80080

1999600.0

12.4

0.00323

CMA CGM Marco Polo

Container ship explorer class

178480

981102.0

12.5

0.01452

MS Allure of the Seas

Cruise ship

220000

183836.0

12.8

0.09364

USS Ohio (submerged)

Ohio class ballistic sub

52198

370579.0

12.9

0.01095

USS Makin Island

WASP class LHD

1998

906.7

12.9

0.17135

USCG Marine Protector Class

Patrol boat

24543

174968.1

13.0

0.01082

HMS Vanguard (S28) (submerged)

Ballistic missile submarine

190000

470700.0

13.9

0.02906

RFSDmitry Donskoy (submerged)

Typhoon class Ballistic sub

36800

44856.0

14.4

0.05697

USCGC Bertholf (WMSL-750)

National security cutter

8600

3517.0

14.4

0.16981

USCGC Bernard C Webber

Sentinel class warship

3120

3530.4

15.4

0.05739

Palmer Johnson PJ 210

Yacht

1492

448.4

15.4

0.21606

70 Sunreef Power

Yacht

191230

966510.0

15.4

0.01282

USS Ronald Reagan

Nimitz class aircraft carrier

78000

129568.0

15.4

0.03901

DDG-1000 Zumwalt

Destroyer

72000

51834.0

15.4

0.09001

Type 42 destroyer

Guided missile destroyer

75000

89854.1

15.4

0.05408

Atago

Destroyer

117320

757265.0

15.6

0.00996

RMS Queen Mary 2

Ocean liner

1120

592.4

15.6

0.12154

M1 Abrams

Tank

75000

88680.0

15.6

0.05435

USS Arleigh-Burke

A-B class destroyer

2144

605.0

16.0

0.22218

Lazzara LSX 92

Sport yacht

805

259.0

16.5

0.18883

MY Ady Gil (Earthrace)

Diesel trimaran

150000

68779.0

16.5

0.13218

USS Dallas (submerged)

LA class submarine

60000

95654.5

16.7

0.03752

Ticonderoga

Cruiser

30000

77750.0

17.5

0.02205

USS Virginia (submerged)

Virginia class submarine

1119

622.8

17.8

0.10090

Merkava Mark IV

Tank

8948

1317.0

17.9

0.37999

Lake Express

High-speed ferry

11

1.7

17.9

0.36981

UH-12T4

Sport hovercraft

33556

121143.0

18.0

0.01539

USS Seawolf (SSN-21)(submerged)

Seawolf class submarine

10700

3398.0

18.0

0.17484

USS/USCGC Cyclone

Patrol boat

36400

23514.0

18.0

0.08581

JHSV

High-speed catamaran

701

80.1

20.6

0.42582

11M NSW RIB

Rigid inflatable boat

11931

775.8

20.6

0.74791

LCAC landing craft

Air cushion vehicle

113348

64433.0

20.6

0.08550

Hai Xia Hao

High-speed ferry

294

259.1

20.6

0.05521

Earthrace

Biodiesel boat

110

7.5

21.5

0.69003

2013 Nitro Z-7 Sport (115 ELPT OptiMax)

Sport bass boat

1230

162.4

21.9

0.34659

USCG response boat medium

Utility boat

28796

9964.0

22.0

0.13136

HSV-2 Swift

Catamaran experimental navy craft

36405

16640.0

22.1

0.09891

USNS Spearhead (JHSV 1)

High-speed transport vessel

314

57.1

22.4

0.24602

Goodyear GZ-20

Blimp

62021

27314.0

22.5

0.10092

USS Independence (LCS-2)

Littoral combat ship

75200

28528.4

23.1

0.11387

USS Freedom (LCS-1)

Freedom class littoral combat ship

60400

4834.5

24.5

0.50911

Villum Clausen

Fast ferry

3408

568.0

25.7

0.23327

Mark V SOC

Special operations craft

4854

597.8

26.2

0.30944

M80 Stiletto

Littoral combat vessel

1263

60.1

26.8

0.78479

Hustler Powerboats Monster 50

Speed boat

216

152.5

27.8

0.05101

Mercedes-Benz O 405 GN

Bus

996

22.7

28.2

1.55838

Baja 278 Performance

Speed boat

175

3.6

30.4

1.59978

Yamaha Waverunner FZR

Personal watercraft

12500

845.2

30.9

0.47909

Wally 118

Sport yacht

634

39.2

33.4

0.48408

Ellips

Catamaran yacht

15151

1049.6

36.0

0.40085

The World is Not Enough-Mellenium 140

Sport yacht

41

2.0

36.1

0.57946

Skeldar V-200

UAV

1044

73.6

40.2

0.35287

Fountain 47 Lightning

Cigarette boat

80

14.9

41.6

0.12899

Nissan Leaf

All-electric car

112

2.6

43.9

0.99870

Yamaha Apex

Snowmobile

88

19.3

44.7

0.10140

Ford Ranger

Truck

145

19.8

44.7

0.16350

Chevy Silverado

Pickup truck

73

17.7

45.8

0.09009

Toyota Prius +

Hybrid car

246

284.5

46.3

0.01869

Airfish 8-001

Wing in ground effect

71

4.1

49.2

0.34940

Can-Am Spyder RT

Trike motorcycle

175

21.3

49.2

0.16699

Tesla Model S

Electric car

11459

934.5

49.4

0.24822

SES 100B

Surface effect ship

45

2.0

50.1

0.45177

Triumph Bonneville

Motorcycle

1341

53.4

51.4

0.48822

Kaman K-MAX

Medium lift helicopter

440

35.6

53.5

0.23103

Wilson Global Explorer

Amphibious aircraft

215

20.7

55.8

0.18622

Tesla Roadster S

Electric car

28

1.7

56.7

0.29629

RQ-7 Shadow 200

UAV

129

14.0

57.2

0.16149

Subaru Forester 2.5x

Automobile

86

10.0

60.3

0.14253

MQ-1 Predator

UAV

147

6.2

64.4

0.36631

T-REX 14R

Trike motorcycle

1492

40.9

64.8

0.56284

Nor-Tech 3600 Supercat

Racing catamaran

47

13.9

64.9

0.05181

Smart ForFour

Economy car

155

13.7

66.2

0.17112

MINI John Cooper Works

Coupe

155

20.4

69.3

0.11005

Audi A-5

Sports car

619

11.8

71.9

0.73126

Bell 407

Light helicopter

1375

153.0

77.2

0.11641

Augusta Westland AW101 Merlin

Military helicopter

996

28.5

79.7

0.43849

Eurocopter EC135 P2+

Helicopter

133

2.0

80.4

0.84558

Honda CBR1000RR

Sports motorcycle

1410

78.4

81.4

0.22097

AH64A/D Apache

Attack helicopter

17000

549.4

81.9

0.37766

Mil Mi-26

Heavy transport helicopter

350

17.3

83.3

0.24335

Aston Martin DB9

Sports car

327

14.2

85.7

0.26852

Ferrari F512 M

Sports car

407

17.0

87.5

0.27262

2013 Nissan GT-R

Sports car

1566

55.6

88.5

0.31825

Air Tractor AT-602

Agricultural aircraft

9960

4457.2

88.9

0.02514

Shenkansen E5 series

Bullet train

2330

77.4

89.9

0.33487

Boeing-Sikorsky RAH-66A Comanche

Helicopter

493

15.3

90.2

0.35667

Dodge Viper SRT10

Sports car

494

17.3

90.3

0.31604

Ford Mustang GT500

Sports car

419

15.4

90.3

0.30063

Ferrari 458 Italia

Mid-engine sports car

1687

195.1

99.7

0.08671

Bombardier 415

Amphibious airplane

712

46.7

108.3

0.14078

MQ-9 Reaper

UAV

820

12.7

116.7

0.55502

Koenigsegg Agera R

Hypercar

2780

161.8

121.6

0.14130

HC-144 Ocean Sentry

Fixed-wing maritime patrol aircraft

820

28.9

138.9

0.20427

T-6A Texan II

Aircraft

710

37.3

140.0

0.13596

AHRLAC

UAV

5884

10.5

145.9

3.85866

BME Top Fuel dragster

Drag car

9180

269.1

156.9

0.21742

Boeing V-22 Osprey

Tiltrotor cargo plane

6800

266.9

176.5

0.14435

C-2A(R) Greyhound

Naval aircraft

31

143.5

222.0

0.218815

RQ4-Global Hawk

UAV

720

2602.0

230.2

0.27671

C-17 Globemaster

Conventional cargo plane

1377

6278.4

236.1

0.21932

Antonov An-225 Mriya

Cargo plane

96

233.5

259.2

0.41113

F-117 Nighthawk

Stealth attack aircraft

1240

5495.8

262.5

0.22563

Airbus A380-800

Passenger jet

285

2154.0

262.5

0.13231

Boeing 787-8 Dreamliner

Passenger jet

143

443.0

272.8

0.32325

Gulfstream G650

Private jet

1120

3892.0

274.0

0.28777

Boeing 747-400

Passenger jet

308

1673.6

280.6

0.184034

B-2A Spirit

Stealth bomber

105

102.0

300.8

1.029412

AV-8B Harrier II

STOL fighter

60

160.6

313.1

0.37465

Cessna Citation X

Business jet

548

2122.9

372.2

0.25795

B-1 Lancer

Supersonic strategic bomber

158

230.5

531.9

0.68710

F/A-18C/D Hornet

Fighter jet

191

311.5

535.8

0.613162

F-35 Lightning II

Fighter jet

312

372.7

670.6

0.83725

F-22 Raptor

Fighter jet

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